Analyzing How Brands Apply the 4P’s

By: Gianna Blawas – 4 March 2026

Understanding Brand Life Cycles and the 4P’s:

Brands move through different stages during their life cycle, including introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. During each stage, companies adjust their marketing strategies to build brand equity and remain competitive. The marketing mix, also known as the 4P’s (product, price, place, and promotion), plays an important role in how brands grow and maintain their position in the market. For this blog, I examined three brands that represent different stages of the brand life cycle: Oura Ring (growth stage), Nike (maturity stage), and BlackBerry (decline stage).

Growth Stage Brand – Oura Ring:

The Oura Ring is a wearable smart ring that tracks sleep, health, and activity data. The product is currently in the growth stage because demand for health technology and wearable fitness devices continues to increase.

The product focuses on health tracking features such as sleep monitoring, heart rate tracking, and activity insights. Oura differentiates itself from competitors by offering these features in a small, stylish ring rather than a smartwatch.

The price is positioned as premium, usually costing several hundred dollars, which supports the brand’s image as a high-quality health technology product.

The place strategy focuses on selling through its official website and selected online retailers, which helps maintain brand control and a premium experience.

For promotion, Oura relies heavily on influencer marketing, health experts, and partnerships with professional athletes and wellness advocates. These strategies increase brand awareness and credibility, helping build brand equity.

Maturity Stage Brand – Nike:

Nike is an example of a brand in the maturity stage. It is one of the most recognized athletic brands in the world and has strong brand equity.

Nike’s product strategy focuses on continuous innovation in athletic footwear, apparel, and performance technology. By constantly improving products and releasing new designs, Nike keeps customers engaged even though the brand has been established for decades.

Nike uses a price strategy that varies across product lines, offering both premium performance gear and more affordable athletic wear.

Its place strategy includes a global distribution network that sells products through Nike stores, major retailers, and its online platforms.

Nike’s promotion strategy is one of its strongest marketing tools. The company uses emotional storytelling, athlete endorsements, and powerful campaigns like “Just Do It” to create deep emotional connections with consumers and maintain brand loyalty.

Decline Stage Brand – BlackBerry:

BlackBerry represents a brand that experienced decline in the smartphone market after once being a dominant technology brand.

The product was once highly valued for its physical keyboard, security features, and messaging capabilities. However, it failed to adapt quickly to touchscreen smartphones and modern mobile operating systems.

The price strategy originally positioned BlackBerry phones as premium business devices, but declining demand eventually required price reductions.

The place strategy relied heavily on partnerships with mobile carriers and corporate clients, which worked well early on but became less effective as competitors expanded into consumer markets.

In terms of promotion, BlackBerry once focused on business productivity and security features. However, competitors like Apple and Samsung shifted consumer expectations toward design, apps, and user experience, which weakened BlackBerry’s brand equity.

Conclusion:

These three brands demonstrate how the 4P’s are used differently depending on the stage of the brand life cycle. Growing brands focus on awareness and differentiation, mature brands emphasize innovation and loyalty, and declining brands often struggle to adapt their strategies to changing market conditions. Understanding these differences helps marketers make better decisions to strengthen brand equity and maintain long-term success.